The popularisation of self-care: Tracing the dissemination of Orem's Self-Care Deficiency Nursing Theory into the scientific disciplines.

BACKGROUND: Bibliometric methods may be used to examine research trends, and information visualisation techniques are useful in illustrating the diffusion of knowledge and how theories are applied. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to illustrate how Orem's Self-Care Deficiency Nursing Theory (SCDNT) has been cited and applied in nursing science and beyond. METHODS: A bibliometric analysis examined scientific publications that cited Orem's nursing theory. In addition, the diffusion of SCDNT was assessed using data visualisation methods and integration scores of SCDNT versions were calculated to define trends in its theoretical usage in other scientific domains. RESULTS: The information visualisation demonstrated increased usage of SCDTN in different disciplines. Integration scores demonstrated that the scientific community still recognises and uses versions of SCDTN. DISCUSSION: Studying citation patterns helps to identify which publications are still cited and relevant, as well as illustrating the dissemination of theory. Findings may be used in the collection weeding of SCDTN book versions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provided nursing scientists with a better conceptual understanding of SCDNT diffusion and development. For academic library managers, the findings identify which SCDNT should be retained for historical interest and curriculum needs.

Determination of pain experienced by children during intravenous bolus treatments and its causes.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the pain experienced by children during intravenous bolus treatment and to identify what causes it. METHOD: In the first stage of the study, the first 40 observations were performed by two researchers. The study was continued by a single observer after the Kappa test was performed. In this study, 101 drug treatments were administered by intravenous bolus in patients aged between 1 month and 6 years. The pain experienced during treatment was assessed using pain scales according to the age group the patient was in. RESULTS: Pain was observed in 63.4% (n = 64) of the treatments. There was a significant relationship between the type of medication administered and pain experienced during drug administration. There was also a significant correlation between the age of the children and their pain experiences. Given the location of the catheter, there was no significant difference among the children who experienced pain during intravenous treatment. CONCLUSION: Intravenous drug therapy may cause pain in children. To minimize such pain, it is recommended to determine the drugs that cause pain during intravenous treatment and to develop application protocols to minimize pain caused by these drugs.

Nurses' knowledge and experiences of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at a tertiary paediatric health centre.

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine paediatric nurses' knowledge and experiences of PIVC insertion. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, nurses working in a paediatric hospital in Izmir, Türkiye, between May and September 2019 were included (225; 67.4%). A PIVC knowledge and experience form, and a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire were used to collect data. RESULTS: Nurses most often inserted the PIVC on the dorsum of the hand (83.1%). Their choice of vein was influenced by the condition of the patient's veins (91.1%), medications (72%) and the patient's activity status (70.2%). The most preferred PIVC size was 24 gauge (98.2%), and the most frequently used cannula was a short peripheral cannula (96.9%). To clean the insertion site of the cannula, 93.8% of the nurses used 70% alcohol. Distractions used while inserting the PIVC were: letting the child play with a toy (51.1%), having the child sit on the mother's lap (45.8%), letting the child watch cartoons (45.3%), and administering oral sucrose (43.6%). Of the nurses, 69.3% attached a split septum/vein valve to the PIVC insertion site, and 82.2% cleaned the split septum/vein valve with 70% alcohol and waited until it dried before administering the medication. Some 79.6% secured the cannula with a hypoallergenic nonwoven adhesive fixation tape bandage. Some 94.7% performed catheter flushing for control after inserting PIVCs, 93.8% performed catheter flushing before IV fluid treatment, 89.8% flushed the catheter before drug administration through the bolus method, 53.3% flushed the PIVC catheter with a slow technique and 42.2% flushed it with an intermittent technique. CONCLUSION: The nurses generally acted in accordance with Infusion Nurses Society (2016) guidance. It would be helpful if the hospital developed algorithms that include standards to prevent and manage PIVC insertions and complications.

An exploratory study of intercultural effectiveness scale in nursing students.

Culture is a fundamental element of intercultural relationships and contributes to its effectiveness. This methodological study' s purpose is to test the Turkish version of the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale. The scale is a reliable and valid. It is important to include intercultural communication competence in nursing curriculum programs to ensure that students gain all these awareness, skills and behaviors.

Relación entre agotamiento emocional y la actitud hacia la seguridad del paciente en enfermeras pediátricas en un hospital de Turquía / Relationship between burnout and patient safety attitudes in pediatric nurses in a hospital in Turkey

Objetivo: El agotamiento emocional puede afectar a la actitud de las enfermeras sobre la seguridad del paciente, debido a las consecuencias adversas que genera, pudiendo provocar errores clínicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar el nivel de agotamiento emocional de las enfermeras pediátricas y determinar la relación entre las actitudes de seguridad del paciente y el agotamiento. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal desarrollado entre enero y julio de 2016 en el Hospital Infantil Universitario Ege, situado en Esmirna (Izmir, Turquía). Los datos se recopilaron utilizando el Cuestionario de características sociodemográficas, el Inventario de agotamiento de Maslach y el Cuestionario de actitud de seguridad del paciente. Se analizaron los datos con el programa SPSS. Se contó con el visto bueno del comité de ética correspondiente. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue del 60%, con un total de 104 participantes. Se identificó agotamiento emocional en más de la mitad de las enfermeras participantes, con una correlación negativa entre la actitud sobre la seguridad del paciente y el agotamiento emocional. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre las puntuaciones del Cuestionario de actitud de seguridad del paciente y las puntuaciones de la subescala de Logro personal. Se encontró que la puntuación de agotamiento emocional aumentó a medida que disminuyó la actitud de seguridad del paciente. También se encontró que las puntuaciones de la subescala de Logro personal y las puntuaciones de actitudes de seguridad del paciente aumentaron. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre los niveles de agotamiento emocional de las enfermeras y una disminución de las actitudes hacia la seguridad, al mismo tiempo que el logro personal contribuye a mejorar la actitud hacia la seguridad del paciente

Aim: Burnout can affect nurses' patient safety-related attitudes due to adverse conditions it creates in nurses and can lead to medical errors. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the patient safety attitudes and pediatric nurses' burnout. Method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out between January and July 2016 at Ege University Children's Hospital in İzmir (Turkey). Data was collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire. The data was analysed with the program SPSS. Permission was obtained from the corresponding Ethical Committee. Results: The response rate was 60%, with a total of 104 participants. Emotional exhaustion was identified in more than half of the participating nurses, with a negative correlation between the attitude towards patient safety and emotional exhaustion. A positive correlation was found between the scores of the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire and the scores of the Personal achievement subscale. It was found that the emotional exhaustion score increased as the patient's safety attitude decreased. It was also found that Personal Achievement subscale scores and safety attitude scores of the patient increased. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the levels of emotional exhaustion of nurses and a decrease in attitudes towards safety, at the same time as personal achievement helps to improve the attitude towards patient safety

Relationship between burnout and patient safety attitudes in pediatric nurses in a hospital in Turkey. / Relación entre agotamiento emocional y la actitud hacia la seguridad del paciente en enfermeras pediátricas en un hospital de Turquía.

AIM: Burnout can affect nurses' patient safety-related attitudes due to adverse conditions it creates in nurses and can lead to medical errors. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the patient safety attitudes and pediatric nurses' burnout. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out between January and July 2016 at Ege University Children's Hospital in Izmir (Turkey). Data was collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire. The data was analysed with the program SPSS. Permission was obtained from the corresponding Ethical Committee. RESULTS: The response rate was 60%, with a total of 104 participants. Emotional exhaustion was identified in more than half of the participating nurses, with a negative correlation between the attitude towards patient safety and emotional exhaustion. A positive correlation was found between the scores of the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire and the scores of the Personal achievement subscale. It was found that the emotional exhaustion score increased as the patient's safety attitude decreased. It was also found that Personal Achievement subscale scores and safety attitude scores of the patient increased. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between the levels of emotional exhaustion of nurses and a decrease in attitudes towards safety, at the same time as personal achievement helps to improve the attitude towards patient safety.

Determination of Senior Nursing Students' Mathematical Perception Skills and Pediatric Medication Calculation Performance.

AIM: Math skills in the health field are often used to calculate drug dosage and liquid quantity, body mass and cost analysis. The aim of this research is to determine the senior nursing students' mathematical perception skills and pediatric medication calculation performance. METHOD: The population of this descriptive cross-sectional research is composed of 103 nursing students in attending a state university in Izmir, Turkey. Of the 103 nursing students, 97 who answered all the questions comprised the study sample. All the participants took one-month training in the pediatric clinics during the last year of their education. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form and Mathematics Perception, Information and Pediatric Drug Calculator Skills Survey" developed by the researchers by reviewing the literature. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 22.24±0.89. Of them, 76.3% were female, 23.7% completed their Pediatric Internship Training in the pediatric inpatient units or the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), 68% thought that their basic mathematics knowledge was adequate, and %30 stated that their dosage calculation, solution preparation and drug preparation skills were insufficient. In addition, the rate of the correct answers they gave to the questions on percentages, fractions and conversions was low. CONCLUSION: In the drug application process; not only practical skills, but also the theoretical knowledge should be considered. A nurse's responsibility does not end once he/she administers medication. Being careful throughout the entire process is one of the nurse's legal and ethical responsibilities. In this study, the students' drug calculation skills were inadequate.

Determination of Injury Risks and Safety Measures Taken by Mothers of Children With an Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to determine the injury risk behaviors and home safety measures in children with an intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder. METHOD: The study sample included mothers of 100 children between the ages of 2 and 12 years. FINDINGS: There was a significant difference between the home safety measures and the children's ages, the birth order of the children, and the mother's and father's ages. There was not a significant relationship between the children's ages, diagnosis, and Injury Behavior Checklist (IBC). There is a positive correlation between the total score of the Home Safety Measures Control List and IBC.

Experiences of parents with the physical care needs at home of children with cancer: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Between cancer treatment courses, children who have not developed any complications or neutropenia are sent home until the start of the next treatment protocol. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents in the home care of children who had been recently diagnosed with cancer and were undergoing cancer treatment but had been discharged from the hospital between treatment protocols. METHODS: The study was carried out at Ege University, Turkey. Twelve parents of 12 children between 0 and 18 years of age participated in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed according to Orem's Self-care Deficit Theory. RESULTS: The main themes were basic conditioning factors, self-care agency, and self-care needs. Some parents changed their place of residence because of the cancer treatment, focused on the recovery of the child, and experienced fear, perception difficulties, and difficulties related to self-care needs. CONCLUSIONS: Parents report difficulties with extreme emotions and dilemmas in maintaining their daily routines of life secondary to fear of infection and challenges with feeding their children. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: A well-planned discharge education, home visits, and telephone consultation interventions are essential to meet the needs of children and their parents who are at home between treatment courses.

Health status of hearing-impaired children and adolescents.

This descriptive study was conducted to identify factors that affect the general health status of hearing-impaired children and adolescents aged 6-18. One hundred six hearing-impaired students were sampled from two primary schools and a high school in Izmir, Turkey. The data were collected utilizing the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Children and adolescents' physical health mean score and psychological health mean score were M = 47.4 ± 10.2 and M = 49.4 ± 9.5, respectively. Statistically significant differences in health status were found between the categories of age, mother's educational level and economic status of the family. The general health status of children and adolescents was found to be positive.

Depression among mothers of children and adults with an intellectual disability in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to determine sociodemographic factors that play a role in depression among mothers of children and adult with an intellectual disability. The research was conducted in 24 special education and rehabilitation centres in Izmir (in Turkey) provincial centre in which intellectually disabled individuals are taught. A total of 355 mothers were reached in the research. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. Two forms were used for data collection in the research: Family Description Questionnaire Form and Beck Depression Inventory. The mothers included in the study had mean depression scores of 16.7 +/- 10.06 (minimum: 0, maximum: 49). There was a significant relation between depression scores of the mothers and education level of the mothers and their spouses and financial status of the families. Mothers with insufficient income and lower education levels were found to be at risk of depression.

Nursing students' expectations from tutors in PBL and effects of tutors' behaviour on nursing students.

AIM: This study aimed to determine what nursing students expect from tutors in PBL sessions and how tutors' behaviour affects students. METHOD: It was performed in Dokuz Eylul University School of Nursing. The study sample included 21 students. They were assigned to one of three groups. Each group included seven students. Focus group interviews were conducted in a quiet classroom. One researcher conducted interviews and the other observed the interviews and took notes. The interviews were semi-structured. Each interview lasted for 75-90 min and was audio recorded. Data obtained were transcribed verbatim soon after each interview and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Data were coded by two researchers separately and then compared. Following coding, themes and the main themes were determined. FINDINGS: At the end of data analyses, individual tutor characteristics were classified under seven headings: individual characteristics, asking question, expertise, giving information, group dynamics, giving feedback and evaluation. CONCLUSION: Students clearly report that tutors behaviour affected their motivation and success in the PBL.

Determining problems experienced by student nurses in their work with clinical educators in Turkey.

Clinical education is considered an indispensable and vital part of nursing education. Educators have an important role in the successful completion of a student's clinical education. The clinical educator's approach, experience and knowledge have an influence on the students. Students encounter certain problems during their clinical practice under the supervision of educators. This study was conducted to determine the nature of the problems student nurses encounter during clinical training in Turkey. The focus-group interviews were used for this study. Three groups of 8, a total group of 24, composed of students completing their third year were included in the interviews. The students in this study had completed their practical training in the departments of internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry and public health. Among the problems mostly encountered by students, as established by the study, were inadequate assessment by the clinical educator, judgment, negative feedback, communication problems, inadequate guidance and overload. At the end of the research, recommendations were that educators should offer information in the direction of student expectations, increase their positive feedback and lighten the academic workload of these students.